BIOFERTILIZERS

Biofertilizers are low cost, renewable sources of plant nutrients which supplement chemical fertilizers. These are nothing but selected strains of beneficial soil microorganisms cultured in the laboratory and packed in a suitable carrier. They can be used either for seed treatment or soil application.

Types of Biofertilizers
The following types of biofertilizers are available to the farmers in India.
• Nitrogen fixing biofertilizers
eg. Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azospirillum and Azotobacter.
• Phosphorous solubilising biofertilizers (PSB)
eg. Bacillus,Pseudomonas and Aspergillus
• Phosphate mobilizing biofertilizer
eg. Mycorrhiza
• Plant growth promoting biofertilizers
eg. Pseudomonas sp

How biofertilizers work?
• Biofertilizers fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil and root nodules of legume crops and make it available to the plant.
• They solubilise the insoluble forms of phosphates like tricalcium, iron and aluminium phosphates into available forms.
• They scavenge phosphate from soil layers.
• They produce hormones and anti metabolites which promote root growth.
• They decompose organic matter and help in mineralization in soil.
• When applied to seed or soil, biofertilizers increase the availability of nutrients and improve the yield by 10 to 25% without adversely affecting the soil and environment

 

Anurag

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