Golgi body is also known as Golgi complex. It is an organelle found in most eukaryoticcells. It is discovered in 1897 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi. Cysternie, vesicles and tubules are the important part of this apparatus. These are of the secretory, liposomal, and endocytic nature.
These organelles also build lysosomes (cell digestion machines). In the plant Golgi complexes may also create complex sugars in secretory vesicles. The vesicles are created in the same way as the ER. These vesicles are float through the cell.
This is a series of membranes shaped like pouches. The membrane is similar to the cell membrane that is two layers. The complex molecules (proteins, sugars, enzymes) are stored in membrane surrounds an area of fluid. We can find ribosomes because the Golgi complex absorbs vesicles from the rough ER.
The Golgi body also works closely with the rough ER. A protein is made in the ER. This vesicle or sac of ER contain protein floats through the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus and is absorbed. After this Golgi body works on the molecules inside the sac, a secretory vesicle is created and released into the cytoplasm. This vesicle moves to the cell membrane and the molecules are released out of the cell.
FUNCTIONS
1. It plays an important role in synthesis and secretion of different substances includind carbohydrate and proteoglycans.
2. Phoshorylation
3. Vesicular transport
4. Apoptosis
Models
Model 1: Anterograde vesicular transport between stable compartments [
In this model each compartment has a unique collection of enzymes that work to modify protein cargo. This model explains observations of compartments, polarized distribution of enzymes, and waves of moving vesicles. This model was widely accepted.
Model 2: Cisternal progression/maturation
This model addresses the existence of Golgi compartments as well as differing biochemistry of the cisternae, transporationt of large proteins and retrograde mobility of native Golgi proteins and it can account for the variability seen in the structures of the Golgi.